Vap Full Moon Poya Day, also known as Vap Poya, is a significant religious observance for Buddhists in Sri Lanka, marking the conclusion of the three-month Vas (rainy) retreat observed by Buddhist monks. This period of retreat, which begins on Esala Poya, is a time for monks to stay indoors within their monasteries, dedicating themselves to meditation and spiritual practices. Vap Poya, falling on October 17th, 2024, symbolizes the end of this retreat and the beginning of the Katina period, a month-long period of giving and spiritual merit.
The Significance of Vap Poya
Vap Poya is also referred to as the Cheevara Masaya, meaning the ‘Month of Robes,’ or Katina Masaya, the ‘Month of Steadfastness.’ The term “Katina” signifies firmness or solidity, while “Cheevara” (or Civara) refers to the monastic robe. On this day, lay devotees offer Katina robes to the monks as an act of great merit, believed to bring good Karma. This offering, known as the Katina Cheevara, is considered one of the most significant and meritorious deeds in Buddhism.
Rituals and Traditions
Throughout the month, Buddhists across Sri Lanka visit temples to observe Sil (the practice of moral discipline), make offerings of flowers and incense, and participate in the Katina Perahera, a grand procession where the Katina Cheevara and other gifts are taken to the temple. The donation ceremony that follows is a profound event, emphasizing the strong bond between the laity and the monastic community.
Historical Significance
Vap Poya has deep historical roots, extending back to the time of the Buddha. It was on a Vap Poya day that the Buddha ended his seventh Vas retreat since attaining Enlightenment. He spent this retreat in the celestial abode of Tavatissa, preaching the Abhidhamma to the deities, including Matrudeva. Upon concluding the retreat, the Buddha descended near the gates of Sankassapura, where he shared the Dhamma with gathered devotees.
Centuries later, Vap Poya continued to hold significance in Sri Lankan history. On a Vap Poya day, King Devanampiyatissa of Sri Lanka sent a delegation, led by Prince Aritta and accompanied by Ven. Mahinda Thera, to India to meet Emperor Asoka. The Emperor inquired whether Buddhism had been successfully established in Sri Lanka, to which Ven. Mahinda Thera affirmatively confirmed, marking a crucial moment in the spread of Buddhism on the island.
Observance in Sri Lanka
Vap Poya is a public holiday in Sri Lanka, and as with all Poya days, the sale of liquor and meat is prohibited. Most commercial establishments remain closed, allowing the nation to collectively participate in this day of spiritual reflection and religious observance.