Kelaniya

The Historical Roots of Kelaniya

The Mahavamsa chronicles that Kelaniya was inhabited by the Naga tribes, Indigenous people known for their unique culture and traditions. These tribes played a vital role in shaping the region’s early history. The Naagas’ presence is a testament to the ancient civilisation that thrived in Kelaniya long before the advent of modern settlements.

The Legend of Lord Buddha’s Visit

One of the most revered aspects of Kelaniya’s history is the visit of Lord Buddha. According to the Mahavamsa, Buddha visited Kelaniya upon the invitation of the Naaga king Manikakitha Nagaraja. This visit aimed to bless the region and resolve a conflict between two local rulers, Chulaodara and Mahodara. The Maha Seya stupa, built to commemorate this visit, stands as a symbol of peace and spiritual enlightenment, marking where Buddha’s footprint is believed to have been imprinted.

The Construction of the Maha Seya

The Maha Seya, also known as the Great Stupa, is an iconic landmark in Kelaniya. Constructed to honour Buddha’s visit, this stupa enshrines his sacred footprint. Its architectural grandeur and historical significance make it a pivotal site for pilgrimage and tourism, attracting visitors from around the world.

The Role of Kelaniya Temple in Sri Lankan Buddhism

Kelaniya Temple, or Kelaniya Raja Maha Vihara, is a cornerstone of Sri Lankan Buddhism. It serves as a significant religious centre and a hub for cultural activities. The temple’s annual procession, the Duruthu Perahera, is a grand celebration commemorating Buddha’s visit with traditional dances, drumming, and colourful floats. This event is a significant highlight in the local calendar, drawing thousands of participants and reinforcing the temple’s role in the community.

King Kelanitissa and Vihara Maha Devi

Kelaniya’s historical narrative is further enriched by its association with King Kelanitissa and his daughter, Vihara Maha Devi. Vihara Maha Devi, the mother of the great King Dutugemunu, is celebrated for her sacrifice and devotion. Her story is integral to the history of Sri Lanka, and her legacy continues to inspire the people. Kelaniya’s royal connections underscore its importance in the broader context of Sri Lankan history.

First Aryan Settlement Along the Kelani River

Historical records suggest that the first Aryan settlement in Sri Lanka was established along the Kelani River, making Kelaniya a crucial location in the country’s early development. This settlement marked the beginning of significant cultural and agricultural advancements, contributing to the region’s prosperity and historical importance.

Kelaniya in Sinhala Literature

Kelaniya’s influence extends into Sinhala literature. The Samullahini Sandeshaya, a notable literary work, mentions Kelaniya, reflecting its significance in the cultural and intellectual life of the Kotte era. This highlights Kelaniya’s role as a centre of literary and artistic endeavours, further solidifying its place in Sri Lanka’s cultural heritage.

Transformation from Fertile Lands to Industrial Hub

Historically, Kelaniya was renowned for its fertile soil and lush coconut plantations. However, with the advent of industrialisation, Kelaniya’s landscape has undergone a dramatic transformation. The rural economy has transitioned to industrial and commercial activities, attracting a large population and fostering economic growth. This shift reflects Kelaniya’s adaptability and resilience in the face of change.

Location and Climate

Kelaniya is strategically located within the Gampaha District of the Western Province. The district is characterised by a wet zone climate with an annual rainfall of about 400 mm. The region enjoys a warm and humid climate, with temperatures between 28 and 30 degrees Celsius. This favourable climate has historically supported agriculture and now facilitates various industrial activities.

Boundaries and Urban Development

Several urban councils border Kelaniya, including Wattala, Mahara, Biyagama, and Peliyagoda. The geographical boundaries encompass marshy lands, which historically contributed to its agricultural productivity. These areas have seen significant urban development in recent years, leading to a blend of residential, commercial, and industrial zones. This urban expansion has brought new challenges and opportunities for the local community.

Cultural Festivals and Community Life

Kelaniya is not just a historical and industrial hub but also a vibrant community with a rich cultural life. Festivals and religious ceremonies play a significant role in the lives of Kelaniya’s residents. The Duruthu Perahera, held annually at the Kelaniya Temple, is one of the most anticipated events, drawing participants nationwide. These cultural celebrations foster community and continuity, bridging the past with the present.

A Place of Pilgrimage and Tourism

Kelaniya remains a primary pilgrimage site, attracting thousands of visitors each year. With its historical and spiritual significance, the Kelaniya Temple is a focal point for tourists and devotees. The town’s proximity to Colombo makes it an accessible destination for local and international travellers, contributing to the local economy and promoting cultural tourism.